Assignment Operator:
Assignment operators are
used to assign a value or an expression or a value of a variable to another
variable.
Syntax
variable=expression (or) value ;
Description
Variable is any valid 'c' variable, assigned value can be anything.
Example
x=10;
x=a+b;
x=y;
Example
Program to demonstrate
assignment operator.
/* Demonstration of
assignment operator * /
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i,j,k; /* Local definitions * /
/* Statements * /
clrscr();
k = 5; /* = is a assignment operator * /
printf("k = %d",k);
getch();
}/* main * /
Output:
k=5
Arithmetic Operator:
'C' allows us to carryout
basic arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and
division. The following table shows the Arithmetic Operators and their meaning.
Operator
Meaning
Examples
+
Addition
2+9= 11
-
Subtraction
9 - 2= 7
*
Multiplication
2*9= 18
/
Division
9/3= 3
%
Modulo division 9 % 2= 1
Example 1
Program to illustrate the
usage of arithmetic operator.
/* Usage of
arithmetic operators * /
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i,
j,k; /* Local definitions * /
/* Statements * /
clrscr();
i =
10;
j =
20;
k = i
+
j;
printf
("Value of k is %d\n ", k);
getch();
}/* main * /
Out put:
Value of k =30
Increment and Decrement
Operator:
'C' has two way useful
operators not generally found in other languages, these are the increment (++)
and decrement ( -- ) operators. The'++' dds one to the variables and '--'
subtracts one from the variable. These operators are called unary operators.
Because they acts upon only one variable.
Operator
Meaning
++x
Pre increment
--x
Pre decrement
x++
Post
increment
x--
Post decrement
Example:
Program using
Increment and Decrement operators.
/* Program using
increment and decrement operators * /
#include<stdio.h>
main ()
{
int a=10; /* Local
definition * /
/* Statements
* /
printf("a++=
%d\n", a++); /* ++is a post increment * /
printf("++b =
%d\n", ++b);/* ++is a pre-increment * /
printf("--a =
%d\n", --a);/* -- is a pre-decrement * /
printf("b-- =
%d\n", b--);/* -- is a post-decrement * /
} /* main * /
Out put:
a++ = 10
Relational Operator
Relational operators are
used to compare two or more operands. Operands may be variables, constants or
expression. For example we may compare the age of two persons, or the price of
two items and so on. These comparisons can be done with the help of relational
operators.
The following table shows
the Relational Operators.
Operator
Meaning
Example
Return value
<
is less than
2<9
1
<=
is less than or equal
to
2 <=
2
1
>
is greater
than
2 > 9
0
>=
is greater than or equal to
3 >= 2
1
==
is equal to
2 ==
3
0
!=
is not equal to
2! = 2
0
Example :
Program to use various
relational operators and display their return values
/* Program to use various
relational operators */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
/* Statements */
clrscr();
printf("\nCondition
: Return values \n");
printf("\n5!=5
: %5d",5!=5); /* != is assignment operator */
printf("\n5==5
: %5d",5==5); /* == is assignment operator */
printf("\n5>=50
: %5d",5>=5); /* >= is assignment operator */
printf("\n5<=50
: %5d",5<=50); /* <= is assignment operator*/
printf("\n5!=3
: %5d",5!=3);
}/* main */
Logical Operator:
Logical operators are used
to combine the results of two or more conditions. 'C' has the following logical
operators.
Operator
Meaning
Example
Return value
&&
Logical AND (9>2)&&(17>2) 1
|| Logical
OR
(9>2)||(17==7
1
!
Logical NOT
29!=29 0
Example
Program to demonstrate
logical operator.
/* Program on
demonstration of logical operator */
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main( )
{
int c1,c2,c3;
/* Local definitions */
/* Statements */
clrscr();
printf("ENTER VALUES
OF c1, c2 AND c3 : ");
scanf("%d%d%d",&c1,&c2,&c3);
if((c1 <
c2)&&(c1<c3))
/* && is a logical operator */
printf("\n c1 is less
than c2 and c3");
if (!(c1< c2))
printf("\n c1 is
greater than c2");
if ((c1 < c2)||(c1 <
c3))
/* || is a logical operator */
printf("\n c1 is less
than c2 or c3 or both");
getch();
}/* main */
Bitwise Operator:
Bitwise operators are used
to manipulate the data at bit level. It operates on integers only. It may not
be applied to float or real. The operators and its meaning are given below.
Operator
Meaning
&
Bitwise AND
|
Bitwise OR
^
Bitwise XOR
<<
Shift left
>>
Shift right
~
One's complement
Conditional Operator:
Conditional operator
itself checks the condition and executes the statement depending on the
condition.
Example
main()
{
int a=5,b=3,big;
big=a>b?a:b;
printf("Big
is...%d",big);
}
Output:
Big is ...5
Sizeof() Operator:
The Special Operator
Along with these
operators, the C language supports some of the special operators given below.
Operators
Meaning
,
comma operators
sizeof
size of operators
&
*
pointer operators
-->
Member selection operators
(a) Comma operator(,) : Usually the comma
operator is used to separate the statement elements such as variables,
constants or expression etc, and this operator is used to link the related
expressions together, such expressions can be evaluated from left to right and
the value of right most expressions is the value of combined expression.
(b) The sizeof() operator : The sizeof()
is a unary operator, that returns the length in bytes of the specified
variable, and it is very useful to find the bytes occupied by the specified
variable in the memory.
(c) Pointer operators :
& : This symbol
specifies the address of the variable.
* : This symbol specifies the value of
the variable.
(d) Member selection operators :
--> : These symbols used to access
the elements from a structure.
Example
Program to illustrate
sizeof operator.
/* Program to illustrate
sizeof operator */
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
struct person {char
name[50]; int age; float height; }; /* structure */
void main()
{
/* Local definitions */
int num=1234567890;
float dec= 0.123456;
double ext=0.123456789;
char ltr='A';
char str[]="Something
to write home about...";
struct person boy;
/* Statements */
clrscr();
printf("Size of num int is %d bytes\n",sizeof num);
printf("Size of dec float is %d bytes\n", sizeof dec);
printf("Size of ext double is %d bytes\n",sizeof ext);
printf("Size of ltr char is %d bytes\n",sizeof ltr);
printf("Size of str string is %d byte\n", sizeof str);
printf("Size of boy struct is %d bytes\n",sizeof boy);
getch();
} /* main */
Expression:
An expression represents
data item such as variables, constants and are interconnected with operators as
per the syntax of the language. An expression is evaluated using assignment
operator.
Example :
y=(a/b)+c;
z=(a*b)-d;
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